Devarim
Deuteronomy 1:1 - 3:22
Tisha b’Av

Tisha B’Av means the 9th of the Hebrew month of Av. It begins this evening at sundown and lasts for a day. It commemorates many of the sad events that have befallen the Jewish people over the years. It is believed that both the 1st and 2nd Temple were destroyed on this date. This week’s Torah portion begins the book of Deuteronomy. S we will see, Moses prepares the Jewish people to enter the land.

Throughout the book, he warns the Jewish people not to forget the commandments and to obey the voice of God. Unfortunately history has shown that our people have paid the price for disobedience. This week’s Torah for Today, by Russ Resnik, gives us insight into the Orthodox Jewish understanding of some of these tragic events and ways in which we can identify with the rest of the Jewish community.

DAY OF EXILE, DAY OF HOPE

          The temple built by the Jewish remnant who returned to Jerusalem under Ezra and Nehemiah, later expanded and beautified by Herod the Great, was destroyed centuries after the temple built by Solomon, but on the same date. On Tisha B'Av, the ninth day of the month of Av, both temples were desecrated and burned by occupying imperial forces, who slaughtered many of the inhabitants of the holy city. In both events, Tisha B'Av was a day of sorrow, defeat, and exile that has ramifications even to this day.  There was, however, one apparent difference between the two catastrophes of Tisha B'Av, as reflected in a discussion in the Talmud (Yoma 9b): "Why was the first temple destroyed? Because during its time there were three sins: idolatry, immorality, and bloodshed.... But in the time of the second temple, they studied Torah, performed the mitzvot, and did kind deeds. Why then was it destroyed? Because there was hatred without a cause--SINAT CHINAM--among them." What was the hatred of which this passage speaks?

          In the years leading up to and including the Jewish revolt against Rome , great divisions emerged among the Jewish people. Some Jews were preparing for armed uprising, and others opposed it. Some were in active collusion with the hated Romans, and others, zealots called Sicarii, used concealed daggers to assassinate Jews they suspected of collusion with Rome . The sin of that generation, however, went beyond this. The 19th century commentator Chofetz Chaim adds LASHON HARA, forbidden speech, as a cause of destruction along with hatred without a cause.

          The divisions among our people were not only political, but included ill-will and contempt between various Jewish groups that resulted in evil speech. Accordingly, the Chofetz Chaim (in Shemirat HaLashon 2:7) cites another Talmudic teaching, "that any generation in which the temple is not rebuilt is considered as if it had destroyed it. We, therefore, have no choice but to strengthen our efforts to correct this sin...for how long are we to remain in exile?" Causeless hatred was not the sin of that generation alone, but is present in every generation. Tisha B'Av, therefore, is a vital time for every Jew to express its opposite; solidarity with our people.  In Messianic Judaism, this imperative is particularly compelling. We might feel that we have been on the receiving end of sinat chinam, but let's take responsibility for any unnecessary division we have caused. We have often allowed our legitimate differences with the rest of our people over Messiah to alienate us completely. We have failed to express solidarity in tangible ways, and have allowed lashon hara into our discussions of the larger Jewish community. This is one reason why our efforts to remain connected with Jewish life and tradition are so important. Even though we may be marginalized because of our loyalty to Yeshua, from our side we must eliminate sinat chinam and stand with our people. When we consider the agonies of the land and people of Israel today, and the recrudescence of anti-Semitism in the form of anti-Zionism, such a show of solidarity becomes even more compelling.

          As the Chofetz Chaim notes, we remain in exile, and Tisha B'Av is the anniversary of many tragic events of the exile, culminating in the expulsion of the once-glorious Jewish community of Spain in 1492. Paradoxically, the convergence of so many similar tragedies on this date provides a note of hope, because there appears to be a divine pattern behind it all. The exile is not a meaningless turn of history, but is part of the much larger plan of redemption. Thus, one tradition has it that Messiah will be born on Tisha B'Av.
How are we to respond to this hope? Not passively, but with prayer and solidarity. On behalf of all Israel , on this day we should pray for victory over our sins, the end of exile, and the restoration of Jerusalem that is key to the restoration of the whole earth. The conclusion of the Book of Lamentations, which we read aloud on Tisha B'Av, provides words for this
prayer:

Hashivenu Adonai elecha v'nashuva chadesh yameinu ki-kedem.

Turn us again O Lord to you and we shall return;
renew our days as of old!

Russ Resnik